name = "Atlas Commons research objects — civil statute-of-limitations deadlines for North Dakota"
description = "North Dakota's civil statute-of-limitations periods for 9 common causes of action, each as a recorded claim carrying the statute citation and URL so a consuming agent can verify it at the cited code — plus the single interpretive L5 boundary: these are the statutes as written, NOT any person's actual deadline (accrual, the discovery rule, tolling, and statutes of repose are fact-specific legal determinations). The atlas informs and routes to counsel; it never computes a deadline. Source: CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026). CC0."
license = "CC0-1.0"
jsonld = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd.jsonld"

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-defamation-libel-slander"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 2 years civil statute of limitations for defamation (libel / slander) (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(1))"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(1), the civil statute of limitations for defamation (libel / slander) in North Dakota is 2 years. Note: Covers libel and slander; Uniform Correction Act in chapter 32-43.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-medical-malpractice"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 2 years civil statute of limitations for medical malpractice (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(3))"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(3), the civil statute of limitations for medical malpractice in North Dakota is 2 years. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); an outer statute of repose of 6 year(s) may also bar the claim; Foreign-object exception under § 28-01-18.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-wrongful-death"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 2 years from death civil statute of limitations for wrongful death (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4))"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4), the civil statute of limitations for wrongful death in North Dakota is 2 years from death. Note: Wrongful Death Act in chapter 32-21 sets substantive rules.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-contract-oral"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 6 years civil statute of limitations for contract oral (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(1))"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(1), the civil statute of limitations for contract oral in North Dakota is 6 years. Note: Same 6-year SOL applies to express or implied contracts.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-contract-written"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 6 years civil statute of limitations for contract written (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(1))"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(1), the civil statute of limitations for contract written in North Dakota is 6 years. Note: UCC 4-year SOL applies to sale-of-goods claims.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-fraud"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 6 years civil statute of limitations for fraud (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(6))"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(6), the civil statute of limitations for fraud in North Dakota is 6 years. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); Statute expressly applies discovery rule to fraud actions.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-personal-injury"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 6 years civil statute of limitations for personal injury (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5))"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5), the civil statute of limitations for personal injury in North Dakota is 6 years. Note: Intentional torts (assault/battery) limited to 2 years under § 28-01-18.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-product-liability"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 6 years civil statute of limitations for product liability (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01.3-08)"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01.3-08, the civil statute of limitations for product liability in North Dakota is 6 years. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); Personal injury from defective product follows § 28-01-16(5).. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01-3.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-property-damage"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "North Dakota sets a 6 years civil statute of limitations for property damage (N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(4))"
text = "Under N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(4), the civil statute of limitations for property damage in North Dakota is 6 years. Note: Damage to real or personal property covered.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t28c01.pdf"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/nd/sol-boundary"
warrant = "INTERPRETATION"
name = "Why these statute-of-limitations periods are NOT your deadline (the L5 boundary)"
text = "The periods above are the statutes North Dakota has on the books. They do NOT tell you YOUR deadline. When a claim \"accrues\" (starts the clock), whether the discovery rule, tolling, a minor/incapacity, or a statute of repose changes it, and which cause of action even applies, are fact-specific legal determinations. A missed deadline can permanently bar a claim. This atlas informs and routes — it is not legal advice and not a substitute for a licensed attorney. If you may have a claim, consult an attorney in North Dakota immediately; for free civil legal aid see this state's legal-aid page."
source = "Justice Atlas framing (over the statutes above)"
sourceUrl = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/"
falsifier = "occurred=FALSE (a framing/legal boundary, not an event) and adjudged=FALSE (the atlas's reading, not a court's ruling on any case) — the lowest-warrant claim. The period+citation claims above are recorded statutes (verifiable at the cited code); this boundary is the only interpretation."

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Defamation (libel / slander)"
Deadline = "2 years"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(1)"
Notes = "Covers libel and slander; Uniform Correction Act in chapter 32-43."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Medical malpractice"
Deadline = "2 years"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(3)"
Notes = "discovery rule; repose 6y; Foreign-object exception under § 28-01-18."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Wrongful death"
Deadline = "2 years from death"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-18(4)"
Notes = "Wrongful Death Act in chapter 32-21 sets substantive rules."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Contract oral"
Deadline = "6 years"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(1)"
Notes = "Same 6-year SOL applies to express or implied contracts."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Contract written"
Deadline = "6 years"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(1)"
Notes = "UCC 4-year SOL applies to sale-of-goods claims."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Fraud"
Deadline = "6 years"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(6)"
Notes = "discovery rule; Statute expressly applies discovery rule to fraud actions."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Personal injury"
Deadline = "6 years"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(5)"
Notes = "Intentional torts (assault/battery) limited to 2 years under § 28-01-18."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Product liability"
Deadline = "6 years"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01.3-08"
Notes = "discovery rule; Personal injury from defective product follows § 28-01-16(5)."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Property damage"
Deadline = "6 years"
Statute = "N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01-16(4)"
Notes = "Damage to real or personal property covered."
Warrant = "RECORDED"
