name = "Atlas Commons research objects — civil statute-of-limitations deadlines for Montana"
description = "Montana's civil statute-of-limitations periods for 9 common causes of action, each as a recorded claim carrying the statute citation and URL so a consuming agent can verify it at the cited code — plus the single interpretive L5 boundary: these are the statutes as written, NOT any person's actual deadline (accrual, the discovery rule, tolling, and statutes of repose are fact-specific legal determinations). The atlas informs and routes to counsel; it never computes a deadline. Source: CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026). CC0."
license = "CC0-1.0"
jsonld = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt.jsonld"

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-defamation-libel-slander"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 2 years civil statute of limitations for defamation (libel / slander) (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(3))"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(3), the civil statute of limitations for defamation (libel / slander) in Montana is 2 years. Note: Same 2-year limit applies to assault, battery, false imprisonment, seduction.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0040/0270-0020-0020-0040.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-fraud"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 2 years (from discovery) civil statute of limitations for fraud (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-203)"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-203, the civil statute of limitations for fraud in Montana is 2 years (from discovery). Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); Fraudulent-concealment tolling under § 27-2-102.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0030/0270-0020-0020-0030.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-property-damage"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 2 years civil statute of limitations for property damage (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-207)"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-207, the civil statute of limitations for property damage in Montana is 2 years. Note: Two-year limit applies to trespass and damage to real or personal property.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0070/0270-0020-0020-0070.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-medical-malpractice"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 3 years (within 5 from injury) civil statute of limitations for medical malpractice (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-205)"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-205, the civil statute of limitations for medical malpractice in Montana is 3 years (within 5 from injury). Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); an outer statute of repose of 5 year(s) may also bar the claim; Concealment exception eliminates 5-year cap; minors under 4 get clock to age 8.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0050/0270-0020-0020-0050.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-personal-injury"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for personal injury (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204)"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204, the civil statute of limitations for personal injury in Montana is 3 years. Note: Libel, slander, assault, battery, false imprisonment, seduction: 2 years.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0040/0270-0020-0020-0040.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-product-liability"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for product liability (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204)"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204, the civil statute of limitations for product liability in Montana is 3 years. Note: Realty-improvement repose under § 27-2-208 (10 years).. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0040/0270-0020-0020-0040.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-wrongful-death"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for wrongful death (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(2))"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(2), the civil statute of limitations for wrongful death in Montana is 3 years. Note: Homicide-related WD: 10 years under § 27-2-204(2).. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0040/0270-0020-0020-0040.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-contract-oral"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 5 years civil statute of limitations for contract oral (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-202(2))"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-202(2), the civil statute of limitations for contract oral in Montana is 5 years. Note: Other non-contract obligations not in writing: 3 years under § 27-2-202(3).. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0020/0270-0020-0020-0020.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-contract-written"
warrant = "RECORDED"
name = "Montana sets a 8 years civil statute of limitations for contract written (Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-202(1))"
text = "Under Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-202(1), the civil statute of limitations for contract written in Montana is 8 years. Note: UCC sales of goods: 4 years under § 30-2-725.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling."
source = "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)"
sourceUrl = "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0270/chapter_0020/part_0020/section_0020/0270-0020-0020-0020.html"
falsifier = "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."

[[claims]]
id = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/mt/sol-boundary"
warrant = "INTERPRETATION"
name = "Why these statute-of-limitations periods are NOT your deadline (the L5 boundary)"
text = "The periods above are the statutes Montana has on the books. They do NOT tell you YOUR deadline. When a claim \"accrues\" (starts the clock), whether the discovery rule, tolling, a minor/incapacity, or a statute of repose changes it, and which cause of action even applies, are fact-specific legal determinations. A missed deadline can permanently bar a claim. This atlas informs and routes — it is not legal advice and not a substitute for a licensed attorney. If you may have a claim, consult an attorney in Montana immediately; for free civil legal aid see this state's legal-aid page."
source = "Justice Atlas framing (over the statutes above)"
sourceUrl = "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/"
falsifier = "occurred=FALSE (a framing/legal boundary, not an event) and adjudged=FALSE (the atlas's reading, not a court's ruling on any case) — the lowest-warrant claim. The period+citation claims above are recorded statutes (verifiable at the cited code); this boundary is the only interpretation."

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Defamation (libel / slander)"
Deadline = "2 years"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(3)"
Notes = "Same 2-year limit applies to assault, battery, false imprisonment, seduction."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Fraud"
Deadline = "2 years (from discovery)"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-203"
Notes = "discovery rule; Fraudulent-concealment tolling under § 27-2-102."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Property damage"
Deadline = "2 years"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-207"
Notes = "Two-year limit applies to trespass and damage to real or personal property."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Medical malpractice"
Deadline = "3 years (within 5 from injury)"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-205"
Notes = "discovery rule; repose 5y; Concealment exception eliminates 5-year cap; minors under 4 get clock to age 8."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Personal injury"
Deadline = "3 years"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204"
Notes = "Libel, slander, assault, battery, false imprisonment, seduction: 2 years."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Product liability"
Deadline = "3 years"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204"
Notes = "Realty-improvement repose under § 27-2-208 (10 years)."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Wrongful death"
Deadline = "3 years"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-204(2)"
Notes = "Homicide-related WD: 10 years under § 27-2-204(2)."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Contract oral"
Deadline = "5 years"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-202(2)"
Notes = "Other non-contract obligations not in writing: 3 years under § 27-2-202(3)."
Warrant = "RECORDED"

[[sol-deadlines]]
Claim = "Contract written"
Deadline = "8 years"
Statute = "Mont. Code Ann. § 27-2-202(1)"
Notes = "UCC sales of goods: 4 years under § 30-2-725."
Warrant = "RECORDED"
