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  "name": "Atlas Commons research objects — civil statute-of-limitations deadlines for Maryland",
  "description": "Maryland's civil statute-of-limitations periods for 9 common causes of action, each as a recorded claim carrying the statute citation and URL so a consuming agent can verify it at the cited code — plus the single interpretive L5 boundary: these are the statutes as written, NOT any person's actual deadline (accrual, the discovery rule, tolling, and statutes of repose are fact-specific legal determinations). The atlas informs and routes to counsel; it never computes a deadline. Source: CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026). CC0.",
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    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-defamation-libel-slander",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Maryland sets a 1 year civil statute of limitations for defamation (libel / slander) (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-105)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-105, the civil statute of limitations for defamation (libel / slander) in Maryland is 1 year. Note: Same 1-year limit applies to assault.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
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        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-105",
        "value": "Defamation (libel / slander): 1 year (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-105)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
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      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-contract-oral",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Maryland sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for contract oral (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101, the civil statute of limitations for contract oral in Maryland is 3 years. Note: UCC sales of goods governed by 4-year limit under § 2-725.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
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        "value": "Contract oral: 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101)",
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      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-contract-written",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Maryland sets a 3 years (12 years if under seal) civil statute of limitations for contract written (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101; § 5-102)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101; § 5-102, the civil statute of limitations for contract written in Maryland is 3 years (12 years if under seal). Note: Specialties (instruments under seal, bonds, judgments, contracts under seal) have 12-year limit under § 5-102.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
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        "value": "Contract written: 3 years (12 years if under seal) (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101; § 5-102)",
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      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
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      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-fraud",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Maryland sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for fraud (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101; § 5-203)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101; § 5-203, the civil statute of limitations for fraud in Maryland is 3 years. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); Fraudulent concealment tolls accrual under § 5-203.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
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        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
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      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
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      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-personal-injury",
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      "name": "Maryland sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for personal injury (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101, the civil statute of limitations for personal injury in Maryland is 3 years. Note: Tolling for minors and incapacitated persons under § 5-201.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
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        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
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        "value": "Personal injury: 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101)",
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          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-101"
        }
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      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-product-liability",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Maryland sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for product liability (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101, the civil statute of limitations for product liability in Maryland is 3 years. Note: Realty-improvement repose: 10 years (architect/engineer/contractor) and 20 years (general).. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
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        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-101",
        "value": "Product liability: 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-101"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-property-damage",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Maryland sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for property damage (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101, the civil statute of limitations for property damage in Maryland is 3 years. Note: Standard tolling for minors and incapacity.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
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        "supported": true,
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        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-101",
        "value": "Property damage: 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101)",
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          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-101"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-wrongful-death",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Maryland sets a 3 years from death civil statute of limitations for wrongful death (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-904)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-904, the civil statute of limitations for wrongful death in Maryland is 3 years from death. Note: Occupational-disease deaths must be filed within 10 years of death or 3 years of discovery, whichever is shorter.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
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      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=3-904",
        "value": "Wrongful death: 3 years from death (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-904)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=3-904"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-medical-malpractice",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Maryland sets a 5 years from injury or 3 years from discovery civil statute of limitations for medical malpractice (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-109)",
      "text": "Under Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-109, the civil statute of limitations for medical malpractice in Maryland is 5 years from injury or 3 years from discovery. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); an outer statute of repose of 5 year(s) may also bar the claim; Foreign-object and reproductive-injury exceptions; minors' tolling.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-109",
        "value": "Medical malpractice: 5 years from injury or 3 years from discovery (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-109)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-109"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/md/sol-boundary",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Why these statute-of-limitations periods are NOT your deadline (the L5 boundary)",
      "text": "The periods above are the statutes Maryland has on the books. They do NOT tell you YOUR deadline. When a claim \"accrues\" (starts the clock), whether the discovery rule, tolling, a minor/incapacity, or a statute of repose changes it, and which cause of action even applies, are fact-specific legal determinations. A missed deadline can permanently bar a claim. This atlas informs and routes — it is not legal advice and not a substitute for a licensed attorney. If you may have a claim, consult an attorney in Maryland immediately; for free civil legal aid see this state's legal-aid page.",
      "claimType": "interpretation",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": false,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": false,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "Interpretation",
        "source": "Justice Atlas framing (over the statutes above)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/",
        "value": "the statute as written, NOT your deadline; accrual/tolling are fact-specific — consult counsel",
        "adjudicator": null
      },
      "falsifier": "occurred=FALSE (a framing/legal boundary, not an event) and adjudged=FALSE (the atlas's reading, not a court's ruling on any case) — the lowest-warrant claim. The period+citation claims above are recorded statutes (verifiable at the cited code); this boundary is the only interpretation."
    }
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      "name": "Civil filing deadlines in Maryland — statutes as written",
      "numberOfItems": 9,
      "itemListElement": [
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 1,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Defamation (libel / slander)",
            "Deadline": "1 year",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-105",
            "Notes": "Same 1-year limit applies to assault.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 2,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Contract oral",
            "Deadline": "3 years",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101",
            "Notes": "UCC sales of goods governed by 4-year limit under § 2-725.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 3,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Contract written",
            "Deadline": "3 years (12 years if under seal)",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101; § 5-102",
            "Notes": "Specialties (instruments under seal, bonds, judgments, contracts under seal) have 12-year limit under § 5-102.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 4,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Fraud",
            "Deadline": "3 years",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101; § 5-203",
            "Notes": "discovery rule; Fraudulent concealment tolls accrual under § 5-203.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 5,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Personal injury",
            "Deadline": "3 years",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101",
            "Notes": "Tolling for minors and incapacitated persons under § 5-201.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 6,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Product liability",
            "Deadline": "3 years",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101",
            "Notes": "Realty-improvement repose: 10 years (architect/engineer/contractor) and 20 years (general).",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 7,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Property damage",
            "Deadline": "3 years",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101",
            "Notes": "Standard tolling for minors and incapacity.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 8,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Wrongful death",
            "Deadline": "3 years from death",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-904",
            "Notes": "Occupational-disease deaths must be filed within 10 years of death or 3 years of discovery, whichever is shorter.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 9,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Medical malpractice",
            "Deadline": "5 years from injury or 3 years from discovery",
            "Statute": "Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-109",
            "Notes": "discovery rule; repose 5y; Foreign-object and reproductive-injury exceptions; minors' tolling.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}