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  "@type": "schema:Dataset",
  "name": "Atlas Commons research objects — civil statute-of-limitations deadlines for California",
  "description": "California's civil statute-of-limitations periods for 9 common causes of action, each as a recorded claim carrying the statute citation and URL so a consuming agent can verify it at the cited code — plus the single interpretive L5 boundary: these are the statutes as written, NOT any person's actual deadline (accrual, the discovery rule, tolling, and statutes of repose are fact-specific legal determinations). The atlas informs and routes to counsel; it never computes a deadline. Source: CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026). CC0.",
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    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-defamation-libel-slander",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 1 year civil statute of limitations for defamation (libel / slander) (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340(c))",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340(c), the civil statute of limitations for defamation (libel / slander) in California is 1 year. Note: Standard tolling for minors and incompetents.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
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      "grounding": {
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        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=340",
        "value": "Defamation (libel / slander): 1 year (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340(c))",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=340"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-medical-malpractice",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 3 years (1 yr after discovery) civil statute of limitations for medical malpractice (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340.5)",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340.5, the civil statute of limitations for medical malpractice in California is 3 years (1 yr after discovery). Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); an outer statute of repose of 3 year(s) may also bar the claim; Minor tolling under § 340.5; MICRA framework.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
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      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=340.5",
        "value": "Medical malpractice: 3 years (1 yr after discovery) (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340.5)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=340.5"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-contract-oral",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 2 years civil statute of limitations for contract oral (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 339)",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 339, the civil statute of limitations for contract oral in California is 2 years. Note: Standard tolling for minors and incompetents.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
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        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=339",
        "value": "Contract oral: 2 years (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 339)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=339"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-personal-injury",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 2 years civil statute of limitations for personal injury (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1)",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1, the civil statute of limitations for personal injury in California is 2 years. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); Tolling for minors and insanity under § 352.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
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      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=335.1",
        "value": "Personal injury: 2 years (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=335.1"
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      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-product-liability",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 2 years civil statute of limitations for product liability (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1)",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1, the civil statute of limitations for product liability in California is 2 years. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); No general repose; standard tolling for minors.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
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        "adjudged": true,
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      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=335.1",
        "value": "Product liability: 2 years (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=335.1"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-wrongful-death",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 2 years civil statute of limitations for wrongful death (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1)",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1, the civil statute of limitations for wrongful death in California is 2 years. Note: Med-mal wrongful death follows § 340.5; standard tolling.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=335.1",
        "value": "Wrongful death: 2 years (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=335.1"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-fraud",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for fraud (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338(d))",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338(d), the civil statute of limitations for fraud in California is 3 years. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); Standard tolling for minors and incompetents.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=338",
        "value": "Fraud: 3 years (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338(d))",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=338"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-property-damage",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 3 years civil statute of limitations for property damage (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338)",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338, the civil statute of limitations for property damage in California is 3 years. Note: a discovery rule may apply (the clock may start at discovery, not occurrence); Personal injury follows § 335.1 (2 yr); discovery rule applies.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=338",
        "value": "Property damage: 3 years (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=338"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-contract-written",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "California sets a 4 years civil statute of limitations for contract written (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 337)",
      "text": "Under Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 337, the civil statute of limitations for contract written in California is 4 years. Note: UCC sales 4 yrs under Com. Code § 2725.. This is the STATUTE as written (verify at the cited code), last verified 2026-04-29 — NOT a calculation of any person's actual deadline, which depends on accrual and tolling.",
      "claimType": "official_fact",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": true,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": true,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "SourceCitation",
        "source": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=337",
        "value": "Contract written: 4 years (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 337)",
        "adjudicator": {
          "name": "CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026)",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=337"
        }
      },
      "falsifier": "A RECORD of measured/reported events (occurred=true) from CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026); superseded when CaseFleet Civil Statute-of-Limitations Reference (2026) publishes its next release."
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/justice/sol/ca/sol-boundary",
      "@type": "schema:Claim",
      "name": "Why these statute-of-limitations periods are NOT your deadline (the L5 boundary)",
      "text": "The periods above are the statutes California has on the books. They do NOT tell you YOUR deadline. When a claim \"accrues\" (starts the clock), whether the discovery rule, tolling, a minor/incapacity, or a statute of repose changes it, and which cause of action even applies, are fact-specific legal determinations. A missed deadline can permanently bar a claim. This atlas informs and routes — it is not legal advice and not a substitute for a licensed attorney. If you may have a claim, consult an attorney in California immediately; for free civil legal aid see this state's legal-aid page.",
      "claimType": "interpretation",
      "reviewStatus": "current",
      "commercialInfluence": false,
      "epistemicStatus": {
        "occurred": false,
        "supported": true,
        "adjudged": false,
        "operative": true
      },
      "grounding": {
        "groundingType": "Interpretation",
        "source": "Justice Atlas framing (over the statutes above)",
        "sourceUrl": "https://justice-atlas.ryanjhunter.workers.dev/",
        "value": "the statute as written, NOT your deadline; accrual/tolling are fact-specific — consult counsel",
        "adjudicator": null
      },
      "falsifier": "occurred=FALSE (a framing/legal boundary, not an event) and adjudged=FALSE (the atlas's reading, not a court's ruling on any case) — the lowest-warrant claim. The period+citation claims above are recorded statutes (verifiable at the cited code); this boundary is the only interpretation."
    }
  ],
  "hasPart": [
    {
      "@type": "schema:ItemList",
      "name": "Civil filing deadlines in California — statutes as written",
      "numberOfItems": 9,
      "itemListElement": [
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 1,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Defamation (libel / slander)",
            "Deadline": "1 year",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340(c)",
            "Notes": "Standard tolling for minors and incompetents.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 2,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Medical malpractice",
            "Deadline": "3 years (1 yr after discovery)",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340.5",
            "Notes": "discovery rule; repose 3y; Minor tolling under § 340.5; MICRA framework.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 3,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Contract oral",
            "Deadline": "2 years",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 339",
            "Notes": "Standard tolling for minors and incompetents.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 4,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Personal injury",
            "Deadline": "2 years",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1",
            "Notes": "discovery rule; Tolling for minors and insanity under § 352.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 5,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Product liability",
            "Deadline": "2 years",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1",
            "Notes": "discovery rule; No general repose; standard tolling for minors.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 6,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Wrongful death",
            "Deadline": "2 years",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 335.1",
            "Notes": "Med-mal wrongful death follows § 340.5; standard tolling.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 7,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Fraud",
            "Deadline": "3 years",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338(d)",
            "Notes": "discovery rule; Standard tolling for minors and incompetents.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 8,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Property damage",
            "Deadline": "3 years",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338",
            "Notes": "discovery rule; Personal injury follows § 335.1 (2 yr); discovery rule applies.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "schema:ListItem",
          "position": 9,
          "item": {
            "Claim": "Contract written",
            "Deadline": "4 years",
            "Statute": "Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 337",
            "Notes": "UCC sales 4 yrs under Com. Code § 2725.",
            "Warrant": "RECORDED"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}